Como realizar mantenimiento a base de datos MySQL

Fuente: http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/12/mysqlcheck/
Fuente: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqlcheck.html

When your mysql table gets corrupted, use mysqlcheck command to repair it.

Mysqlcheck command checks, repairs, optimizes and analyzes the tables.

1. Check a Specific Table in a Database

If your application gives an error message saying that a specific table is corrupted, execute the mysqlcheck command to check that one table.

The following example checks employee table in thegeekstuff database.

# mysqlcheck -c thegeekstuff employee -u root -p
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee    OK

You should pass the username/password to the mysqlcheck command. If not, you’ll get the following error message.

# mysqlcheck -c thegeekstuff employee
mysqlcheck: Got error: 1045: Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) when trying to connect

Please note that myisamchk command that we discussed a while back works similar to the mysqlcheck command. However, the advantage of mysqlcheck command is that it can be executed when the mysql daemon is running. So, using mysqlcheck command you can check and repair corrupted table while the database is still running.

2. Check All Tables in a Database

To check all the tables in a particular database, don’t specify the table name. Just specify the database name.

The following example checks all the tables in the alfresco database.

# mysqlcheck -c alfresco  -u root -p
Enter password:
alfresco.JBPM_ACTION                               OK
alfresco.JBPM_BYTEARRAY                            OK
alfresco.JBPM_BYTEBLOCK                            OK
alfresco.JBPM_COMMENT                              OK
alfresco.JBPM_DECISIONCONDITIONS                   OK
alfresco.JBPM_DELEGATION                           OK
alfresco.JBPM_EVENT                                OK
..

3. Check All Tables and All Databases

To check all the tables and all the databases use the “–all-databases” along with -c option as shown below.

# mysqlcheck -c  -u root -p --all-databases
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee                              OK
alfresco.JBPM_ACTION                               OK
alfresco.JBPM_BYTEARRAY                            OK
alfresco.JBPM_BYTEBLOCK                            OK
..
..
mysql.help_category
error    : Table upgrade required. Please do "REPAIR TABLE `help_category`" or dump/reload to fix it!
mysql.help_keyword
error    : Table upgrade required. Please do "REPAIR TABLE `help_keyword`" or dump/reload to fix it!
..

If you want to check all tables of few databases, specify the database names using “–databases”.

The following example checks all the tables in thegeekstuff and alfresco database.

# mysqlcheck -c  -u root -p --databases thegeekstuff alfresco
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee                              OK
alfresco.JBPM_ACTION                               OK
alfresco.JBPM_BYTEARRAY                            OK
alfresco.JBPM_BYTEBLOCK                            OK
..

4. Analyze Tables using Mysqlcheck

The following analyzes employee table that is located in thegeekstuff database.

# mysqlcheck -a thegeekstuff employee -u root -p
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee   Table is already up to date

Internally mysqlcheck command uses “ANALYZE TABLE” command. While mysqlcheck is executing the analyze command the table is locked and available for other process only in the read mode.

5. Optimize Tables using Mysqlcheck

The following optimizes employee table that is located in thegeekstuff database.

# mysqlcheck -o thegeekstuff employee -u root -p
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee         OK

Internally mysqlcheck command uses “OPTIMIZE TABLE” command. When you delete lot of rows from a table, optimizing it helps to get the unused space and defragment the data file. This might improve performance on huge tables that has gone through several updates.

6. Repair Tables using Mysqlcheck

The following repairs employee table that is located in thegeekstuff database.

# mysqlcheck -r thegeekstuff employee -u root -p
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee        OK

Internally mysqlcheck command uses “REPAIR TABLE” command. This will repair and fix a corrupted MyISAM and archive tables.

7. Combine Check, Optimize, and Repair Tables

Instead of checking and repairing separately. You can combine check, optimize and repair functionality together using “–auto-repair” as shown below.

The following checks, optimizes and repairs all the corrupted table in thegeekstuff database.

# mysqlcheck -u root -p --auto-repair -c -o thegeekstuff

You an also check, optimize and repair all the tables across all your databases using the following command.

# mysqlcheck -u root -p --auto-repair -c -o --all-databases

If you want to know what the command is doing while it is checking, add the –debug-info as shown below. This is helpful while you are checking a huge table.

# mysqlcheck --debug-info -u root -p --auto-repair -c -o thegeekstuff employee
Enter password:
thegeekstuff.employee  Table is already up to date

User time 0.00, System time 0.00
Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
Non-physical pagefaults 344, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0
Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
Voluntary context switches 12, Involuntary context switches 9

8. Additional Useful Mysqlcheck Options

The following are some of the key options that you can use along with mysqlcheck.

• -A, –all-databases Consider all the databases
• -a, –analyze Analyze tables
• -1, –all-in-1 Use one query per database with tables listed in a comma separated way
• –auto-repair Repair the table automatically it if is corrupted
• -c, –check Check table errors
• -C, –check-only-changed Check tables that are changed since last check
• -g, –check-upgrade Check for version dependent changes in the tables
• -B, –databases Check more than one databases
• -F, –fast Check tables that are not closed properly
• –fix-db-names Fix DB names
• –fix-table-names Fix table names
• -f, –force Continue even when there is an error
• -e, –extended Perform extended check on a table. This will take a long time to execute.
• -m, –medium-check Faster than extended check option, but does most checks
• -o, –optimize Optimize tables
• -q, –quick Faster than medium check option
• -r, –repair Fix the table corruption